Social Networking On The World Wide Web Essay - 1420 Words

with entities similar to them, so that leads us to understand what is socialization. It is whyan online dictionary defines it as well as to â€Å"make fit for life in companionship with other†. Now with others in their natural act to stay instinctively together the human beings have founded, created, deployed, or developed and completed successfully so many activities and projects that on the twentieth century the â€Å" early social networking on the world wide web began in the form of generalized online communities such as Theglobe.com(1995), Geocities(1994) and Tripod.com(1995)†(web). Nowadays with the technologies progress social networking services count myriads of websites for various topics of purpose connection from where Facebook actually appears to be the leader of them we meet all over the world with a surprise observation how attached are the crowd to this giant of the social network. Therefore, our preoccupation will be to determine if Facebook with its ra pid growth and attractive character is not going to ban finally human beings social and natural attitudes precisely by considerably reducing our outgoing and social instincts. In the periods before the century twenty most human beings activities were related social. It was just a question in our daily trends to stay in touch in the real term of the meaning. Human beings found so easy, current and normal to naturally interact with their similar by going close to them, and so physically. For example it was so current inShow MoreRelatedDefining Social Networking Sites On The World Wide Web2133 Words   |  9 PagesDefining Social Networking Sites Online networking can t be comprehended without first characterizing Web 2.0: a term that portrays another path in which end clients utilize the World Wide Web, a spot where substance is constantly adjusted by all administrators in a sharing and community way (Kaplan and Haenlein 2010). It has much more to do with what individuals are doing with the innovation than the innovation itself, for rather than just recovering data, clients are currently making and devouringRead MoreSocial Networking : Harmful Or Helpful1405 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking: Harmful or Helpful Introduction When you think of social networking what comes to mind? YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Snapchat. They have similarities in that they make it easy to reach many individuals easily and quickly. Social networking sites and applications have given rise due to the popularity of the internet and the advancement in technology. There are many impacts on society due to social networking. Social networks can have a positive or negativeRead MoreTaking a Look at Web Communication734 Words   |  3 Pages1. What is the Internet? Internet is a global network topology, which connected network computers using the standard Internet Protocol Suite to users all around the world. The structures of networks are for the constructing and examining networking machineries (Calvert, Tech, Doar, Nerion Zegura, 1997). Internet is being accessed through the protocol suite. The Internet provides an extensive range of information, sources and services to the users, which allows greater flexibility in workingRead MoreWeb 2.0 : The Second Generation Of World Wide Web1119 Words   |  5 Pages1. Provide a definition of the term Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is often referred to as the second generation of World Wide Web. â€Å"Web 2.0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users.† (Beal,2013). This technology is used on various sites such as eBay, Gmail and Facebook. Web 2.0 makes sharing and collaborating user generated content easier through the incorporation of Adobe Flash, Microsoft SilverlightRead MoreThe Impact Of Web 2.0 Technology On An Global Market Place1634 Words   |  7 PagesINB20009/ MKT20011 Managing the Global Market Place Essay - The Impact of Web 2.0 Technology on an international firm’s approach to Managing the Global Market Place The global marketplace consists of business transactions amongst all nations around the world that are not restricted by geographic locations. This worldwide scale of sales, purchase and exchange of goods and services unsurprisingly makes it much more difficult to manage, as opposed to a smaller, domestic business. It is importantRead MoreForms and Classification of Online Business1729 Words   |  7 Pagesbrainstorming and finding out the main goals, determining the genre of the website is the next step. This will determine the pros and cons of the website. There are four genres of websites which are the sales or retailing, marketing, information and a web-based application. Poo (2008) describes that retailing or sales website it focuses much on a lot of pictures, sporadic text on product descriptions and these sites are very user friendly and easy to navigate. However, one disadvantage of retail websitesRead MoreThe History Of The World Wide Web879 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of the World Wide Web was created on August 6th, 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee. (Bryant, 2012). Due to the creation of the World Wide Web, many things have changed. Websites have made everything either easier or more complicated. But, we will talk about the easier this world has gotten. Some websites that have made life easier are Facebook, Strayer University, Amazon, EBay, Google, Gmail, Yahoo, PayPal, Walmart, Schwan’s, Myspace, Pogo, Trip Advisor, and Home Chef. These are just to name aRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking1431 Words   |  6 Pages105 Analysis 3 11-28-16 The meaning of social media is the utilization of electronic and portable advances to transform correspondence into an intuitive discourse. Social networking, then again, is a social structure with individuals who are joined by a typical intrigue. Obviously, now, the meaning of social media appears like a misrepresentation. In the most recent quite a while, innovation has brought us extremely distant from where we began and social media nearly appears as though it is a totallyRead MoreComputers And The World Wide Web Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesone thing that will continue to remain the same in all computers and continue to serve the same purpose is the World Wide Web, more commonly referred to as the Web or the web. Similar to the development of computers, the World Wide Web was not created overnight, but took time, effort, and brainpower to invent. We can credit this fascinating invention that connects everyone in the world to British physicist and computer scientist Sir Tim Be rners-Lee. Sir Tim Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 inRead MoreOnline Informal Communication Is Not Another Thought Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract All through the world. Regardless, online informal communication is not another thought - it has been progressing since the start of human collaboration. Of late, internet organizing has influenced various parts of human correspondence, in like manner influencing business. Long range interpersonal correspondence has ended up being each day sharpens in a couple of customers lives. In this article, the essayists portray highlights and the progression of online interpersonal interaction,

Analysis Of The Book Beloved - 4041 Words

Neoshua Butler Senior Seminar Nov.7, 2015 Kee Trapped in the Disillusionment called Beloved The story of Beloved is a fragmented telling of many ex-slaves’ lost history. The story was set during the Reconstruction era and gave voice to individual slave stories demonstrating how culture and philosophy are developed. Throughout the novel and the film adaptation, the influence memory has on identity is demonstrated not only amongst the main characters but also the community. According to Jan Assman, collective memory is broken into two major components: communicative memory and cultural memory. Collective memory is defined as shared knowledge and information through the memories of two or more members of a particular social group. Communicative memory demonstrates its self in the present and exist only in the current time it has no foreground and is on an individual’s personal experience. Whereas cultural memory is a combined reflection of each person’s communicative memory which forms a beliefs, values, and tradition. An example of collective memory would be slavery, although many specific accounts that the individuals who experienced slavery and their stories are lost (communicative memory) the impact and tragedy that occurred during that time has but written in history and formed American tradition (Cultural memory)(Brown). Cultural memory formulates traditions in the forms of holidays, literature and music, creating a history that has been expressed not only within theShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Toni Morrisons Beloved926 Words   |  4 Pagesday? Beloved is a story written by Toni Morrison about the hardships that lead the protagonist, Sethe, to kill her own daughter, who would later come back from the grave. Sethe is a middle-aged, former slave who has experienced the cruelest, most unjust torment in her life – slavery. She escaped this barbaric life, but when the chance of being taken away comes back, she has to murder her own daughter to save her. Through close examination of the book, movie, and many other character analysis, it isRead MoreAnalysis of Beloved, by Tony Morrison Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Beloved is a novel written by Tony Morrison and is based on the American Civil War. The plot of the novel is based on the effects, consequences and the results of the Civil War. The author uses characters that would effectively bring out the Civil War theme in terms of social circles and occupations in the society. The novel is based on the characters regarded as slaves or have undergone capture, slavery and escaped from their masters (Haskins Haskins 13). The main character in the novel, SetheRead More Exploring Personal Choices in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Personal Choices in Toni Morrisons Beloved At the climax of her book Beloved, Toni Morrison uses strong imagery to examine the mind of a woman who is thinking of killing her own children. She writes, Because the truth was simple, not a long-drawn-out record of flowered shifts, tree cages, selfishness, ankle ropes and wells. Simple: she was squatting in the garden and when she saw them coming and recognized schoolteachers hat, she heard wings. Little hummingbirds stuck their needleRead MoreThe Believability of John Grisham’s Bleachers Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesnot a book is believable solely on the book’s classification as nonfiction or fiction. Others use New Critical analysis to determine whether a book is believable or not. The use of New Critical analysis requires the reader to consider events that happen throughout the book and any conflict that may have occurred. It also requires that the reader focus on the plot of the book and the characters. Grisham sets the book to take place in a small, football crazed town, known as Messina. The book is setRead MoreBeloved : A Reconstruction Of Our Past1705 Words   |  7 PagesKarla Ximena Leyte Professor John Crossley Short Close Reading Paper #2 November 20, 2015 Beloved: A reconstruction of our past Beloved by Toni Morrison is a reconstruction of history told by the African American perspective, a perspective that is often shadowed or absent in literature. Her novel presents a cruel demonstration of the horrors endured by slaves and the emotional and psychological effects it created for the African American community. It unmasks the realities of slavery, in whichRead MoreThe Raven And The Overwhelming Power And Sadness Of The Death Of A Loved One1165 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis This critical analysis essay is about Poet Edgar Allen Poe’s poem â€Å"The Raven† and the overwhelming power and sadness of the death of a loved one. There is such sorrow and even anticipation that the poem invokes in the reader. The poem can be quite dreary and full of gloom, but the author also makes it sound eerie but somehow beautiful and lyrical especially when reciting it orally. Poe was a remarkable writer and known as being a bit peculiar in person and in his writings. PoeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Isaiah Reveals Yahweh s Judgment And Salvation 777 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The book of Isaiah reveals Yahweh’s judgment and salvation. Yahweh is â€Å"holy, holy, holy† (Isa. 6:3), and consequently He can’t allow sin to go unpunished. Isaiah describes God’s looming judgment. All the while, understands that Yahweh is merciful and compassionate. The book goes back and forth between judgment and salvation. The prophet writes much of the book in the form of poetry and much of the content is eschatological and prophetic and this is demonstrated perfectly in IsaiahRead MoreAlienation within Beloved Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesAlienation within â€Å"Beloved† â€Å"Cultural trauma refers to a dramatic loss of identity and meaning, a tear in the social fabric, affecting a group of people that has achieved some degree of cohesion† (Day 2). This quote by Ron Eyerman in â€Å"Cultural Trauma† references a large theme within the novel â€Å"Beloved†; Alienation of the self with its own identity. As the cultural trauma of slavery took its toll on the populations of each and every state where it persisted, it culminated in the same outcome inRead MoreBeloved: Critique with New Historicism1749 Words   |  7 Pages Beloved is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel written by Toni Morrison and published in 1987. The story follows Sethe as she attempts to make peace with her present (for her, post Civil War America) and her past as a former slave and the atrocities she suffered at the hands of the benevolent Gardner family. Information given to the readers from different perspectives, multiple characters, and various time periods allows her audience to piece together the history of the family, their lives, asRead MoreWhen I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be, Summary of the Poem1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe central metaphor in the first quatrain is the comparison between writing poetry and harvesting grain. The speaker compares the pen with an implement of harvest(â€Å"glean’d my teeming brain†) and books with the buildings(â€Å"garners†) where grain is stored. The metaphor expresses the first of the speaker’s three main concerns: that death will cut short his poetic career. Just as a person’s natural life spans youth, adulthood, and old age, so the growing of grain follows the natural progression of the

Cause and Effect of Cancer Free Essays

string(31) " be paid to the global health\." Cause and effect of global cancer Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Three-quarter of cancer deaths occur in developingcountries or the third world (WHO, 2010). If current knowledge were put into practice, at least one third of cancer cases could be prevented, another third could be detected early, treated and cured; and suffering could be alleviated through palliative care for patients with advanced cancers. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect of Cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now (WHO, 2009) In low- and middle-income countries, cancer overwhelmingly affects the poor. This has huge implications for human suffering, health systems, health budgets and the drive to reduce poverty. There are around 30 million new cases of cancer per year in the world. (Eduardo Cazap , 2011) Attributed to changes in risk factors, such as lifestyle trends associated with economic development and threat of cancer caused by infectious diseases, as well as changes in diet, more and more crowded living conditions and an increase in tobacco use in developing countries. (WHO, 2010)A trend is beginning to emerge in some developing countries. There is less and less physical activity in our daily lives, at work and at home, as well getting from place to place. Cancer has become more and more serious in developing countries or the third world. There arenumerous factors lead to this situation, but there are four main causes: few specialists, equipment, chronic infections and lack of awareness. The first cause is not having enough resource people, such as oncologist, cancer specialists. There are 15 Africa countries do not have possess even a single radiation therapy machine, only 20%of patients survive cancer (Margaret Chan, 2010). The second factor is that we do not have the resources to buy equipment. Such as the lack of radiation therapy machines, without budget available ministries of health. The problem is most severe in sub Saharan Africa, where 80 percent of the continent’s one billion inhabitants live without proper access to basic radiotherapy and related cancer services. (Veronica Riemer, 2010) The third issue is that chronic infections are leading risk factors for cancer in low- and middle-income countries, such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Programme on Cancer Control has focused on the needs of developing countries or the third world. WHO-IAEA,2009) IAEA offers unparalleled expertise in radiation medicine, a vital component of cancer diagnosis and treatment. For an agency that received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. Later that year, the IAEA established its Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT) to help expand radiotherapy capacity in developing countries or the third world and build partnerships to deal wit h the huge disparities that exist in cancer care services. After that, PACT, WHO and other key international cancer organizations have undertaken increasingly productive collaboration, working together to tackle the crisis on a broad, multidisciplinary front. The fourth cause is the lack of awareness about the seriousness of the cancer threat. World Cancer Day on 4 February of each year is to have an opportunity to launch key messages to people (WHO, 2010). WHO is taking significant measures to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases. A key achievement has been the entry into force this past year of the first-ever WHO global health treaty. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is a major step towards the goal of reducing tobacco use, which is the leading preventable cause of cancer. To date, 121 countries have ratified the treaty (WHO, 2006). Despite significant advances in medical science over the last 100 years, cancer remains the main cause of death. In developed countries, a number of factors lead to cancer and different regions have different leading causes. The amount of lung cancer has occupied most of the field of cancer all over the world and increasing rates of mortality are also significant especially in the US and Russia. A number of factors lead to lung cancer and they can be divided into inside and outside factors. Inside factors are about bad lifestyle habits including frequently smoking and alcohol consumption and human internal factors which mean inheriting by families (Konobeevskaia, I. N, et al, 2002). However, occupational factor and air pollution can also lead to lung cancer. People are engaged in radioactive substance such as uranium and radium as well as their derivates such as asbestos and tar asphalt. These do badly harm to body health. Consequently, a growing number of people get lung cancer. In Russian, it has been reported by WHO (2000) that there are 150 000 deaths every year and only 15% survival rates. However, this digital data still does not work efficiently. There is increasing number of people frequently smoking. So, more advanced equipments should be provided by government and higher protection awareness should be developed among general public. The second is Australia that has the highest skin cancer incidence and mortality rates in the world. The reason for this is due in part to the high ambient UV radiation levels, combined with a predominantly susceptible fair-skinned population (WHO, 2010) Especially, Australia nears to the South Pole and ozone hole also enhances the risk. However, Australian are not like other countries people, they enjoy the life full of sunshine and do not have the concept of lessening the time of sunshine It has been reported by WHO (2000) that 1200 people died every year in Australia. The third one is there are less cancer in Japan. According to the data statistics, Japan has lower death rate of cancer compared with other developed countries. (WHO, 2000). This is owing to the advanced equipment provided by government, healthy living habits of people and the high protection awareness among the general public. Nowadays, cancer is considered a calamity in developed, industrialized countries, the situation has changed tremendously. Developing countries load over half of the cancer burden (i. e. , those with low- and medium-income economies). To some degree, Human beings ought to improve the awareness, know more professional knowledge about cancer to avoid the spread maximally. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the global health. You read "Cause and Effect of Cancer" in category "Papers" (i. e. , those with low- and medium-income economies) Nowadays, according to Global Health Council (2011), cancer is regarded as the heaviest burden in developing countries, because there are 7. million people die each year while 4. 8 million deaths happen in poor countries. This is caused by several factors. The first and the most important factor is poverty (International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research, 2011). For example, in some African countries, fewer than 15 percent of cervical and breast cancer patients survive for 5 years because of having no money to pay for the high health care. (G. H. C. 2011). Besides, lack of human resources to provide health care and lack of resources for managing cancer also makes the â€Å"burden† become heavier and more serious. I. N. C. T. R. (2011) points out that nearly 95% of the world cancer resources are in developed countries, however, only the rest 5% are being used in developing countries. Apart from these two main factors, I. N. C. T. R states that limited government funds for health care expenditure and lack of health care professionals trained in cancer care are the other reasons. Cancer has become the most significant health issue in developing countries, and developed countries, as a most important part of the global health issue, are willing to help developing countries in many ways. Global Health Council, 2010) A global call to action for cancer in developing countries is coming into being, which is led by international agencies, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations. This action not only needs from the global health community, but also needs form the local governments to achieve an effective target. The agendum for this action includes increasing necessary access to drugs for treatments and palliation, expansion of coverage for prevention. To push forward this agendum, the Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control (GTF. CCC) in developing countries is convened by many famous organizations and institutions, such as the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Global Equity Initiative, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard School of Public Health. The GTF. CCC ‘target is to design cancer drugs which can be affordable by the world, especially developing countries, and develop innovative service that can analyze the expansion of cancer and cancer’s control in low and middle income countries. The GTF. CCC will work with existing initiatives and learn the experiences form pervious organizations which are designed to eliminate and prevent AIDS or other diseases. Furthermore, GTF. CCC calls on wide network of services to devote to the health care for women and children. GTF. CCC also attempts to focus on implementation of public policies to expand coverage of existing vaccines for cancer, as well as early detection and treatment of cancers. There is evidence shows that the future about the GTF. CCC’s work will be successful. It states that much can be done even the low and middle income countries do not equip with the most advanced equipment and technologies. Moreover, successful instances of programmes have been conducted in developing countries which are without specialized and professional services. For example, cervical cancer, this is a significant public health issue among women in South and Central America. Cytology-based screening programmes for cervical cancer have been successful in several countries such as Chile. In Chile, cervical cancer mortality rates were very high before the introduction of the programme. While a recent evaluation of the programme indicated that more than 80 percent of the women who are married have been screened at least once, and the mortality began to decline With such an awful condition in developing countries, cancer also leads to various kinds of effects developed countries, including economic effects and personal effects, which slows down pace of economic development and brings about a lot of family in trouble. On the one hand, cancer has an enormous financial impact in developed countries, for example, the high costs of cancer care and treatments. In United States, the expenses of cancer care have reached $124 billion in 2010, led by breast cancer. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) predicts that this cost will top $158 billion by 2020. Moreover, to personally, it is difficult to face the skyrocketing cost for a patient who required treated over a long term. Every family with a cancer patient wants to provided the ultramodern medicine which will cost more, and as insurance companies reduced much benefits, reimbursements on cancer care have also declined. (Debra Sherman, 2011). On the other hand, the influence about family inherit cannot be ignored. Research demonstrates that the primary cancer site was accurately identified in 83%, and the second and third degree relatives was exactly 67 and 60%. (Richard R. Love  at all, 1984) It is important to encourage clinicians to find more medical records about how a family history of cancer affects clinical management, which could help researchers invent more effective medicine and treatments to against cancer, especially about cancer inherit. Meanwhile, cancer also has significant influence on society, which pushes government to issue public policy. Because the life expectancy is low, especially in poor countries and the death rates from cancer is still really high (see figure 1), cancer has became more and more important issue nowadays, only the efforts of the society are not enough. Consequently, governments started to release more efficient policies and many public benefit activities are being conducted to help defeat cancer. On the one hand, governments are required to publish new laws, for instance, the EU is responsible for the legislation about how patients are been taken care by researchers to take part in clinical trials. Such legislation is drafted at the EU level and could be used by the governments of each member state. In addition, these laws are passed to make sure that scientific research are promoted and it is really good for cancer patients by a few organizations, such as CANCER RESEARCH UK. cancer research uk, 2011). On the other hand, they are trying to make more social influence. For example, smoking makes a huge burden in Europe, which results in 650,000 deaths each year in Europe. (European commission, 2004). As the leading reason of preventable deaths in Europe, smoking also makes 29% of all deaths in affluent countries. Therefore, a number ofcomprehensive smoke-free laws including indoor workplaces and public places have been carried out in more than a third of EU Member States so far. (Commissionof theEuropean communities, 2009). The Empire State Buildingwas lit up in blue and orange to memorize the World Cancer Day by the American Cancer Society and the UICC, such a method will establish a healthier society. Figure1: Population Measures and Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Estimates Between 2005-2010 Population, Years of Life Expectancy, and Cancer Incidence (C00-97 ex C44) and Mortality (C00-C97) for Regions of the World * All cancers excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. Kaposi sarcoma is included for sub-Saharan Africa countries only. Prepared by Cancer Research UK Original data sources: 1. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2008 v1. 2, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10. In: IARC, Lyon; 2010. 2. UN. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. In: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2009 According to the influence mentioned, treatments are being conducted in developed countries. According to the influence mentioned, treatments are being conducted in developed countries. Experts argue that over 25% of all cancer deaths are generated by unheslthy diets and obesity. Scientist have caculated that unhealthy diets cause from 10 to 30% of cancer mortality in ffluent countries. ( Doll, R. and R. Peto,2003) However, it is believed that cancer can be prevented by changing lifestyle, which means more healthy diet, reduce stress and from sedentary to exercise. In addition to this, a large study came to a conclusion about the connection between behaviours and healthy in 2008. These were: : not smoking; keeping active; moderating how much alcohol you drink; and eating five daily portions of fruit and vegetables. (Peto, J, 2003) Both developing and developed countries are affected by cancer deeply, effects between them are not very same. In poor areas, cancer could conduct more burden than affluent areas, especially influence about economic. Meanwhile, governments in different areas also have different policy about cancer. There is nothing to doubt that all the people and governments should combine to fight with cancer, whatever how hard it is. More financial andtechnologycooperation will be proceed worldwide, in order to solve these serious disease——cancer References: World Health Organization Media Centre Physical activity a key in preventing some cancers. [Online] Available from: http://www. who. int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2011/cancer_20110207/en/ Ngoma, T. , World Health Organization cancer priorities in developing countries. Ann Oncol, 2006. 17 Suppl 8: p. viii9-viii14. World Health Organization Media Centre Improving cancer control in developing countries. [Online] Available from:http://www. who. int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/cancer_20101019/en/ Setse, R. (n. d. ) Cancer in Developing World. Global Health Council. [Online] Available from: http://www. globalhealth. org/view_top. php3? id=1056 Global Health Council (2010) Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action [online] Available from lt; ttp://www. globalhealth. org/images/pdf/cancer_lancet_2010. pdfgt; [5 November 2011] Global Health Council (2010) Listening to GHC Members: Report on the Global Health Council’s Cancer Control Learning and Advocacy Initiative [online] Available from lt;http://www. globalhealth. org/conference_2010/presentations/rtt2_higman. pdfgt;[5 November 2011] Global Health Council (2 011) Poverty’s Cancer [online] Available from ;lt; http://www. globalhealth. org/news/article/13306;gt; [5 November 2011] International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research (2011) Cancer in Developing Countries [online] Available from lt;http://www. inctr. org/about-inctr/cancer-in-developing-countries/;gt; [10 November 2011] Cancer research UK (2011) http://info. cancerresearchuk. org/publicpolicy/workingwithgovernment/europe/ Debra Sherman CHICAGO (2011) Cancer costs put treatments out of reach for many http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/06/06/us-cancer-economics-idUSTRE7551YF20110606 Doll, R. and R. Peto, Epidemiology of Cancer. Oxford Textbook of Medicine, ed. D. Warrell, et al. 2003, Oxford: OUP. European Commission, Tobacco or Health in the European Union: Past, Present and Future, Luxembourg, 2004 Richard R. Love ,Alida M. Evans, Denise M. Josten (1984) The accuracy of patient reports of a family history of cancer[Online] Available from: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/0021968185900748 Peto, J. , Cancer epidemiology in the last century and the next decade. . Nature, 2003. 411: p. 390-5. PubMed Richard R. Love, Alida M. Evans, Denise M. Josten. Journal of Chronic Diseases Volume 38, Issue 4, 1985, Pages 289-293 U. S. Food and Drug Administration, â€Å"Guidance to Industry and FDA Staff: General Questions and Answers on the Ban of Cigarettes that Contain Certain Characterizing Flavors (Edition 2)† December 23, 2009 Konobeevskaia,I. N. ;Zaridze,D. G. ;Kaepov,R. S. ;kiseleva,S. M. ;Men’T. Kh;Shain,A. A. ;Shikhman,S. M. ,2002,Smoking:the main cause of high mortality rate among Russian population, Medline/Pubmed,[online] Available from:http://www. shendusou. com/search? q=cview:0apXz06vRO;amp;l=all World Health Organization, Media centre,2010,Sunbeds,tanning and UV exposure, [online] Available from: http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs287/en/index. html World Health Organization,2000,[online] Available from:http://www. who. int/research/en/index. html How to cite Cause and Effect of Cancer, Papers

Theology and Religious Studies Historic Christian Spirituality

Question: Discuss about theTheology and Religious Studies for Historic Christian Spirituality. Answer: Overview of Diversity and Richness of Historic Christian Spirituality Promoting spiritual practices among our church members is necessary. There are very many ways in which spiritual practices from different traditions of the historic Christian church can enrich us as believers in churches in the 21st century[1]. There is enough evidence that supports that spiritual practices promote the well-being of the church members. Most of the church congregation stay well and healthy for an extended period of time before they can complain of any mild illness as a result of the spiritual practices. The spiritual practices engage the church members and hence divert their attention to focus on some specific areas. Many of the old Christian traditions observed spiritual practices to promote empathy, attention, and compassion[2]. The spiritual practice of meditation would induce calm feelings among the members of the church. Past research has shown that meditation increases the density of grey matter of the brain. The effect of the increased density of the grey matter reduces a persons sensitivity to pain and promotes his or her immune system. It further regulates the persons emotions, and he or she is relieved of stress. Meditation has hence been recommended by doctors, particularly to people who are suffering from cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fibromyalgia, depression and anxiety among others[3]. The practice of prayer produces a relaxation response in the interested persons. One further develops the feelings of compassion, gratitude, and hope. All these feelings promote the well-being of a person. We have many forms of prayers. However, all of them promote the well-being of the church congregation[4]. All the prayers in the Christian religion are based on the belief of the existence of a superbeing by the name God who is powerful and can influence all the occurrences that take place in our lives. The belief in the ability of God promotes among people. They also develop a belief that they are likely to be supported wherever they are in difficulty. Yoga is another spiritual practice that promotes togetherness of Christians. The activity advocates for ethical behaviours breathe expansion and physical postures. Studies have shown that yoga reduces depression, inflammation, low blood pressure and stress. In general, it plays a very critical role in the development of the peoples well-being. Journaling practice is yet another spiritual activity that has been overlooked in the past. The practice enables an individual to be more informed. One would hence develop the feeling that he or she is well connected to the surrounding world. Writing of articles during the times of difficulty can enable one to find solutions to the challenges of life[5]. One would hence develop resilience against all the obstacles that he or she may be faced with after that. The practices are likely to enrich us a lot if all of us who believe in the church can embrace them. One Hour Sessions of a Weekend Spiritual Retreat Based around the Theme of Christmas Connect Group Spiritual Retreat The connecting group will be made up of youths between the ages of 12 years and 19 years. This group of people is mostly school boys and girls. They are active and like things that interest them. At the same time, they are people who like activities that promote competition amongst them[6]. This group of Christians will be divided into manageable groups of six people each. We intend to have a rented space for the subgroups to carry out their spiritual activities over the weekends. We would also like higher the services of one or two senior youths within the church who would guide the group members on the activities that they would be expected to carry out during the sessions[7]. In a single one-hour session, the connect group would carry out their activities as follows; Time allocation Activity 5Minutes Introduction: All the group members would introduce themselves to the rest. They would also tell the rest about what they like most about the group and what they have not liked. 10 Minutes Provision of guidelines: Senior youth members of the church would give a clear guidelines in regard to the activities of the connect group. For example, during one weekend, the youth members would be guided in performing a drama about the journey of the wise men during the birth of Jesus Christ. 15 Minutes Drama training and demonstration: During this period, The group members would train on the performance of the drama in their respective sub-groups 30 Minutes Presentation: The youth groups would present their dramas in the presence of other groups and the best group would be declared the winner. 5 Minutes Lessons learnt: The members of the connecting group would then connect with one another and discuss the lessons that Christians learn from the performance of the weekend. They would further look at how Christians can apply the lessons learnt from the journey of the wise men from the East in their day to day lives. The experience gained from the activity would enable the youths to develop the practice of appreciation. Christmas is a festive season when Christians remember the birth of Jesus Christ[8]. Borrowing from the incidence in which the wise men from the East travelled a long distance in their effort to present gold and incense to the born baby. They were guided by a star as they didnt know the direction. They Christian youths, therefore learn about the need to share during charismas festivals[9]. Home Session This group would be made up of senior men and women in the church. This group of people would meet in their adjacent homes because they would be unable to walk for longer distances. No cost would be incurred in hiring for them grounds because they would converge within the church members houses and homes. The elderly church members are rich in Christian teachings. However, they would still be guided by church elders[10]. Time duration Activity 5 Minutes Introduction: Group members introduce themselves 15 Minutes Songs: Group members sing songs of praise for the newly born Jesus Christ and the general Christmas festive songs 30 Minutes Christmas prayers: Members pray and give thanks to God. They would recall the events that took place during the birth of Jesus Christ 10 Minutes Sharing of problems and presentation of gifts: The church group members would use this time to share their problems with their colleagues. In this way, they would be able to get assistance and good advice on the best way to go about the problems that they are faced with. The spiritual practice would deepen the reflection of the members. People in a corporate setting would be encouraged to attend the sessions because they would be able to meet their corporate colleagues in the meetings. They would hence be encouraged by the togetherness that would be promoted in the group sessions[11]. The spiritual practice of prayers of the members would develop a self-belief among them that there exists an almighty God who is ready to listen to their problems at all times. The members would therefore become strong and always ready to encounter all the challenges in life[12]. Youth Leaders Session This group will be made up of all the youth leaders in the church. These are mature people whose ages range between 20 and 30 years. The youth leaders are mature and can give advice and direction to the rest of the youths in the church. As a result, it is important to constantly train the youth leaders on the best way of guiding the youths. At the same time, the youth leaders would use the opportunity to share the problems that they face in their day to day interaction with the people who they lead. A space would be rented for use by the leaders. The sessions location should be away from the rest of the youths. This is because, the discussions of the leaders should be kept confidence in the event that they go ahead and discuss some individual youths during the meetings. Specialized persons who are trained in youth matters would also be hired to further advise the leaders and train them too. In addition, the leaders would be able to share their experience with the youth leaders to give them moral support in their assigned duties. Time duration Activities 15 Minutes Introduction: Members would introduce themselves and share their experience over the previous week 10 Minutes A specialized resource person responds to the discussed experiences of the youth group leaders 25 Minutes Training of the leaders: An invited guest who specializes in the training of youth leaders takes the leaders through a training exercise on Christian values. The guest would also be able to share with the leaders what would be expected of the youths during a Christmas. Christmas is a festive season and many youths are likely to involve themselves in activities which are unacceptable by Christians. The youths would be guided on the best ways to distance themselves from vices such as drunkenness, immorality, smoking of cigarettes among others 10 Minutes Praise and worship songs: The session would be concluded through the singing of worship songs. Such songs develop a feeling of confidence among the youth leaders. They hence feel encouraged to soldier on with the responsibilities that are bestowed upon them Youth Ministry Group This group would consist of newly marred youths. This group of Christians has a common objective in life. Having just married, they will have moved into a new stage of life in which they are not used to. As a result, it would be necessary for them to belong to a spiritual group of their own where church counsellors can guide and teach them on family life. The other professional counsellor would also be invited to provide additional advice to them. The group member would occasionally be taken on a retreat away from their community. This would be done as a show of appreciation to them for the humble effort that they have made. The weekend retreats would also be done away from the rest of the unmarried youth so as to show them that they have moved into another stage of life. Time duration Activity 5 Minutes Welcome speech from the marriage counsellor 15 Minutes Counsellors take the youths through the circumstances that Mary and Joseph underwent went Jesus was about to be born 10 Minutes The youths meditate and share their marriage experience with the rest under the watch of a professional counsellor 25 Minutes The youths discuss the recommended family life that Christians should live. They should live the kind of life that Messiah was born to promote, a joyful life. 5 Minutes Singing of Christmas festival songs The spiritual practice would promote the reflection of the group members through words of encouragements that they would receive from the marriage counsellors. At the same time, they would develop a strong belief that they would be able to overcome all the challenges that come their way, borrowing from the Christian teachings of Christmas[13]. Bibliography Caroline Young (MPH.), Cyndie Koopsen. Spirituality, Health, and Healing. Jones Bartlett Learning, 2005. Cover, Front. Restoring the True Christmas Spirit. BibleTalk Books, 2005. David I. Smith, James K. A. Smith, Dorothy Bass. Teaching and Christian Practices: Reshaping Faith and Learning. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,, 2011. Elizabeth A. Dreyer, Mark S. Burrows. Minding the Spirit: The Study of Christian Spirituality. JHU Press, 2005. Fuller, Robert C. Spiritual, but not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America. Oxford University Press, 2011. Gordon Geddes, Jane Griffiths. Christian Belief and Practice: The Roman Catholic Tradition. Heinemann, 2012. Mary Jo Meadow, Kevin Culligan, Daniel Chowning. Christian Insight Meditation: Following in the Footsteps of John of the Cross. Simon and Schuster, 2007. Ogunboye, Samuel. Spiritual Practices of the Christian Faith: A Guide for Spiritual Growth. iUniverse, 2007. Perrin, David B. Studying Christian Spirituality. Routledge,, 2007. Plante, Thomas G. Spiritual Practices in Psychotherapy. American Psychological Association, 2009. Rita M. Gross, Terry C. Muck. Christians Talk about Buddhist Meditation, Buddhists Talk About Christian Prayer. AC Black, 2003. Thorsen, Don. An Exploration of Christian Theology. 2007. . An Exploration of Christian Theology. Baker Books, 2007. . An Exploration of Christian Theology. Baker Books, 2007.